Assignment of secondary mmwave channels

ABSTRACT

Apparatuses, methods, and computer readable media for assignment of secondary millimeter wave channels. An apparatus of a station (STA) is disclosed that includes processing circuitry configured to decode a basic service set (BSS) operating channels field and a primary channel field from an access point (AP) or personal basic service set control point (PCP), wherein the BSS operating channels field is a bitmap that indicates which 2.16 GHz channels of a plurality of 2.16 GHz channels are permitted to be used for transmissions in the BSS, and wherein the primary channel field indicates a 2.16 GHz channel of the plurality of 2.16 GHz channels that is a primary channel of the BSS. The processing circuitry may be further configured to determine the primary channel, a secondary channel, a secondary1 channel, and a secondary2 channel based on the BSS operating channels field and the primary channel field.

PRIORITY CLAIM

This application claims the benefit of priority under 35 USC 119(e) toU.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/626,256, filed Feb. 5,2018, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Embodiments pertain to wireless networks and wireless communications.Some embodiments relate to wireless local area networks (WLANs) andWi-Fi networks including networks operating in accordance with the IEEE802.11 family of standards. Some embodiments relate to IEEE 802.11adand/or IEEE 802.11ay. Some embodiments relate to methods, computerreadable media, and apparatus for training fields for enhanceddirectional multi-gigabit (EDMG) packets (e.g., a physical layerconvergence protocol (PLCP) protocol data unit (PPDU)).

BACKGROUND

Efficient use of the resources of a wireless local-area network (WLAN)is important to provide bandwidth and acceptable response times to theusers of the WLAN. However, often there are many devices trying to sharethe same resources and some devices may be limited by the communicationprotocol they use or by their hardware bandwidth. Moreover, wirelessdevices may need to operate with both newer protocols and with legacydevice protocols.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present disclosure is illustrated by way of example and notlimitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings, in which likereferences indicate similar elements and in which:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a radio architecture in accordance withsome embodiments;

FIG. 2 illustrates a front-end module circuitry for use in the radioarchitecture of FIG. 1 in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 3 illustrates a radio IC circuitry for use in the radioarchitecture of FIG. 1 in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 4 illustrates a baseband processing circuitry for use in the radioarchitecture of FIG. 1 in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 5 illustrates a WLAN in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 6 illustrates a block diagram of an example machine upon which anyone or more of the techniques (e.g., methodologies) discussed herein mayperform;

FIG. 7 illustrates a block diagram of an example wireless device uponwhich any one or more of the techniques (e.g., methodologies oroperations) discussed herein may perform;

FIG. 8 illustrates an EDMG operation element, in accordance with someembodiments;

FIG. 9 illustrates a BSS operating channels field, in accordance withsome embodiments;

FIGS. 10-13 illustrates example channel assignments for various BSSoperating channels, in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 14 illustrates assignment of secondary, secondary1, and secondary2channels 1400, in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a BSS operating channels field, inaccordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 16 illustrates an example of the assignment of secondary,secondary1, and secondary2 channels, in accordance with someembodiments;

FIG. 17 illustrates various masks that may be used for thechannelization of FIG. 16, in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 18 illustrates a method of assigning secondary millimeter wavechannels, in accordance with some embodiments; and

FIG. 19 illustrates a method of assigning secondary millimeter wavechannels, in accordance with some embodiments.

DESCRIPTION

The following description and the drawings sufficiently illustratespecific embodiments to enable those skilled in the art to practicethem. Other embodiments may incorporate structural, logical, electrical,process, and other changes. Portions and features of some embodimentsmay be included in, or substituted for, those of other embodiments.Embodiments set forth in the claims encompass all available equivalentsof those claims.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a radio architecture 100 in accordance withsome embodiments. Radio architecture 100 may include radio front-endmodule (FEM) circuitry 104, radio IC circuitry 106 and basebandprocessing circuitry 108. Radio architecture 100 as shown includes bothWireless Local Area Network (WLAN) functionality and Bluetooth (BT)functionality although embodiments are not so limited. In thisdisclosure, “WLAN” and “Wi-Fi” are used interchangeably.

FEM circuitry 104 may include a WLAN or Wi-Fi FEM circuitry 104A and aBluetooth (BT) FEM circuitry 104B. The WLAN FEM circuitry 104A mayinclude a receive signal path comprising circuitry configured to operateon WLAN RF signals received from one or more antennas 101, to amplifythe received signals and to provide the amplified versions of thereceived signals to the WLAN radio IC circuitry 106A for furtherprocessing. The BT FEM circuitry 104B may include a receive signal pathwhich may include circuitry configured to operate on BT RF signalsreceived from one or more antennas 101, to amplify the received signalsand to provide the amplified versions of the received signals to the BTradio IC circuitry 106B for further processing. FEM circuitry 104A mayalso include a transmit signal path which may include circuitryconfigured to amplify WLAN signals provided by the radio IC circuitry106A for wireless transmission by one or more of the antennas 101. Inaddition, FEM circuitry 104B may also include a transmit signal pathwhich may include circuitry configured to amplify BT signals provided bythe radio IC circuitry 106B for wireless transmission by the one or moreantennas. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, although FEM 104A and FEM 104Bare shown as being distinct from one another, embodiments are not solimited, and include within their scope the use of an FEM (not shown)that includes a transmit path and/or a receive path for both WLAN and BTsignals, or the use of one or more FEM circuitries where at least someof the FEM circuitries share transmit and/or receive signal paths forboth WLAN and BT signals.

Radio IC circuitry 106 as shown may include WLAN radio IC circuitry 106Aand BT radio IC circuitry 106B. The WLAN radio IC circuitry 106A mayinclude a receive signal path which may include circuitry todown-convert WLAN RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 104A andprovide baseband signals to WLAN baseband processing circuitry 108A. BTradio IC circuitry 106B may in turn include a receive signal path whichmay include circuitry to down-convert BT RF signals received from theFEM circuitry 104B and provide baseband signals to BT basebandprocessing circuitry 108B. WLAN radio IC circuitry 106A may also includea transmit signal path which may include circuitry to up-convert WLANbaseband signals provided by the WLAN baseband processing circuitry 108Aand provide WLAN RF output signals to the FEM circuitry 104A forsubsequent wireless transmission by the one or more antennas 101. BTradio IC circuitry 106B may also include a transmit signal path whichmay include circuitry to up-convert BT baseband signals provided by theBT baseband processing circuitry 108B and provide BT RF output signalsto the FEM circuitry 104B for subsequent wireless transmission by theone or more antennas 101. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, although radio ICcircuitries 106A and 106B are shown as being distinct from one another,embodiments are not so limited, and include within their scope the useof a radio IC circuitry (not shown) that includes a transmit signal pathand/or a receive signal path for both WLAN and BT signals, or the use ofone or more radio IC circuitries where at least some of the radio ICcircuitries share transmit and/or receive signal paths for both WLAN andBT signals.

Baseband processing circuitry 108 may include a WLAN baseband processingcircuitry 108A and a BT baseband processing circuitry 108B. The WLANbaseband processing circuitry 108A may include a memory, such as, forexample, a set of RAM arrays in a Fast Fourier Transform or Inverse FastFourier Transform block (not shown) of the WLAN baseband processingcircuitry 108A. Each of the WLAN baseband circuitry 108A and the BTbaseband circuitry 108B may further include one or more processors andcontrol logic to process the signals received from the correspondingWLAN or BT receive signal path of the radio IC circuitry 106, and toalso generate corresponding WLAN or BT baseband signals for the transmitsignal path of the radio IC circuitry 106. Each of the basebandprocessing circuitries 108A and 108B may further include physical layer(PHY) and medium access control layer (MAC) circuitry, and may furtherinterface with application processor 111 for generation and processingof the baseband signals and for controlling operations of the radio ICcircuitry 106.

Referring still to FIG. 1, according to the shown embodiment, WLAN-BTcoexistence circuitry 113 may include logic providing an interfacebetween the WLAN baseband circuitry 108A and the BT baseband circuitry108B to enable use cases requiring WLAN and BT coexistence. In addition,a switch 103 may be provided between the WLAN FEM circuitry 104A and theBT FEM circuitry 104B to allow switching between the WLAN and BT radiosaccording to application needs. In addition, although the antennas 101are depicted as being respectively connected to the WLAN FEM circuitry104A and the BT FEM circuitry 104B, embodiments include within theirscope the sharing of one or more antennas as between the WLAN and BTFEMs, or the provision of more than one antenna connected to each of FEM104A or 104B.

In some embodiments, the front-end module circuitry 104, the radio ICcircuitry 106, and baseband processing circuitry 108 may be provided ona single radio card, such as wireless radio card 102. In some otherembodiments, the one or more antennas 101, the FEM circuitry 104 and theradio IC circuitry 106 may be provided on a single radio card. In someother embodiments, the radio IC circuitry 106 and the basebandprocessing circuitry 108 may be provided on a single chip or integratedcircuit (IC), such as IC 112.

In some embodiments, the wireless radio card 102 may include a WLANradio card and may be configured for Wi-Fi communications, although thescope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some ofthese embodiments, the radio architecture 100 may be configured toreceive and transmit orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) ororthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) communicationsignals over a multicarrier communication channel. The OFDM or OFDMAsignals may comprise a plurality of orthogonal subcarriers.

In some of these multicarrier embodiments, radio architecture 100 may bepart of a Wi-Fi communication station (STA) such as a wireless accesspoint (AP), a base station or a mobile device including a Wi-Fi device.In some of these embodiments, radio architecture 100 may be configuredto transmit and receive signals in accordance with specificcommunication standards and/or protocols, such as any of the Instituteof Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standards including, IEEE802.11n-2009, IEEE 802.11-2012, IEEE 802.11-2016, IEEE 802.11ac, IEEE802.11ax, IEEE 802.11ad, IEEE 802.11ay, and/or WiGiG standards and/orproposed specifications for WLANs, although the scope of embodiments isnot limited in this respect. Radio architecture 100 may also be suitableto transmit and/or receive communications in accordance with othertechniques and standards.

In some embodiments, the radio architecture 100 may be configured forhigh-efficiency (HE) Wi-Fi (HEW) communications in accordance with theIEEE 802.11ax standard. In these embodiments, the radio architecture 100may be configured to communicate in accordance with an OFDMA technique,although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.

In some other embodiments, the radio architecture 100 may be configuredto transmit and receive signals transmitted using one or more othermodulation techniques such as spread spectrum modulation (e.g., directsequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) and/or frequencyhopping code division multiple access (FH-CDMA)), time-divisionmultiplexing (TDM) modulation, and/or frequency-division multiplexing(FDM) modulation, although the scope of the embodiments is not limitedin this respect.

In some embodiments, as further shown in FIG. 1, the BT basebandcircuitry 108B may be compliant with a Bluetooth (BT) connectivitystandard such as Bluetooth, Bluetooth 4.0 or Bluetooth 5.0, or any otheriteration of the Bluetooth Standard. In embodiments that include BTfunctionality as shown for example in FIG. 1, the radio architecture 100may be configured to establish a BT synchronous connection oriented(SCO) link and/or a BT low energy (BT LE) link. In some of theembodiments that include functionality, the radio architecture 100 maybe configured to establish an extended SCO (eSCO) link for BTcommunications, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited inthis respect. In some of these embodiments that include a BTfunctionality, the radio architecture may be configured to engage in aBT Asynchronous Connection-Less (ACL) communications, although the scopeof the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some embodiments,as shown in FIG. 1, the functions of a BT radio card and WLAN radio cardmay be combined on a single wireless radio card, such as single wirelessradio card 102, although embodiments are not so limited, and includewithin their scope discrete WLAN and BT radio cards

In some embodiments, the radio-architecture 100 may include other radiocards, such as a cellular radio card configured for cellular (e.g., 3GPPsuch as LTE, LTE-Advanced or 5G communications).

In some IEEE 802.11 embodiments, the radio architecture 100 may beconfigured for communication over various channel bandwidths includingbandwidths having center frequencies of about 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz,and bandwidths of about 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 2.5 MHz, 4 MHz, 5 MHz, 8 MHz, 10MHz, 16 MHz, 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz (with contiguous bandwidths) or80+80 MHz (160 MHz) (with non-contiguous bandwidths). In someembodiments, a 320 MHz channel bandwidth may be used. The scope of theembodiments is not limited with respect to the above center frequencieshowever. In some embodiments, a 2.16 GHz channel may be used. In someembodiments, there may be a primary 2.16 GHz channel and one or moresecondary 2.16 GHz channels. In some embodiments, one or more of the2.16 GHz channels that are adjacent may be bonded together.

FIG. 2 illustrates FEM circuitry 200 in accordance with someembodiments. The FEM circuitry 200 is one example of circuitry that maybe suitable for use as the WLAN and/or BT FEM circuitry 104A/104B (FIG.1), although other circuitry configurations may also be suitable.

In some embodiments, the FEM circuitry 200 may include a TX/RX switch202 to switch between transmit mode and receive mode operation. The FEMcircuitry 200 may include a receive signal path and a transmit signalpath. The receive signal path of the FEM circuitry 200 may include alow-noise amplifier (LNA) 206 to amplify received RF signals 203 andprovide the amplified received RF signals 207 as an output (e.g., to theradio IC circuitry 106 (FIG. 1)). The transmit signal path of thecircuitry 200 may include a power amplifier (PA) to amplify input RFsignals 209 (e.g., provided by the radio IC circuitry 106), and one ormore filters 212, such as band-pass filters (BPFs), low-pass filters(LPFs) or other types of filters, to generate RF signals 215 forsubsequent transmission (e.g., by one or more of the antennas 101 (FIG.1)).

In some dual-mode embodiments for Wi-Fi communication, the FEM circuitry200 may be configured to operate in either the 2.4 GHz frequencyspectrum, the 5 GHz frequency spectrum, or the 60 GHz spectrum. In theseembodiments, the receive signal path of the FEM circuitry 200 mayinclude a receive signal path duplexer 204 to separate the signals fromeach spectrum as well as provide a separate LNA 206 for each spectrum asshown. In these embodiments, the transmit signal path of the FEMcircuitry 200 may also include a power amplifier 210 and a filter 212,such as a BPF, a LPF or another type of filter for each frequencyspectrum and a transmit signal path duplexer 214 to provide the signalsof one of the different spectrums onto a single transmit path forsubsequent transmission by the one or more of the antennas 101 (FIG. 1).In some embodiments, BT communications may utilize the 2.4 GHZ signalpaths and may utilize the same FEM circuitry 200 as the one used forWLAN communications.

FIG. 3 illustrates radio IC circuitry 300 in accordance with someembodiments. The radio IC circuitry 300 is one example of circuitry thatmay be suitable for use as the WLAN or BT radio IC circuitry 106A/106B(FIG. 1), although other circuitry configurations may also be suitable.

In some embodiments, the radio IC circuitry 300 may include a receivesignal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of theradio IC circuitry 300 may include at least mixer circuitry 302, suchas, for example, down-conversion mixer circuitry, amplifier circuitry306 and filter circuitry 308. The transmit signal path of the radio ICcircuitry 300 may include at least filter circuitry 312 and mixercircuitry 314, such as, for example, up-conversion mixer circuitry.Radio IC circuitry 300 may also include synthesizer circuitry 304 forsynthesizing a frequency 305 for use by the mixer circuitry 302 and themixer circuitry 314. The mixer circuitry 302 and/or 314 may each,according to some embodiments, be configured to provide directconversion functionality. The latter type of circuitry presents a muchsimpler architecture as compared with standard super-heterodyne mixercircuitries, and any flicker noise brought about by the same may bealleviated for example through the use of OFDM modulation. FIG. 3illustrates only a simplified version of a radio IC circuitry, and mayinclude, although not shown, embodiments where each of the depictedcircuitries may include more than one component. For instance, mixercircuitry 320 and/or 314 may each include one or more mixers, and filtercircuitries 308 and/or 312 may each include one or more filters, such asone or more BPFs and/or LPFs according to application needs. Forexample, when mixer circuitries are of the direct-conversion type, theymay each include two or more mixers.

In some embodiments, mixer circuitry 302 may be configured todown-convert RF signals 207 received from the FEM circuitry 104 (FIG. 1)based on the synthesized frequency 305 provided by synthesizer circuitry304. The amplifier circuitry 306 may be configured to amplify thedown-converted signals and the filter circuitry 308 may include a LPFconfigured to remove unwanted signals from the down-converted signals togenerate output baseband signals 307. Output baseband signals 307 may beprovided to the baseband processing circuitry 108 (FIG. 1) for furtherprocessing. In some embodiments, the output baseband signals 307 may bezero-frequency baseband signals, although this is not a requirement. Insome embodiments, mixer circuitry 302 may comprise passive mixers,although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 314 may be configured toup-convert input baseband signals 311 based on the synthesized frequency305 provided by the synthesizer circuitry 304 to generate RF outputsignals 209 for the FEM circuitry 104. The baseband signals 311 may beprovided by the baseband processing circuitry 108 and may be filtered byfilter circuitry 312. The filter circuitry 312 may include a LPF or aBPF, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in thisrespect.

In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 302 and the mixer circuitry 314may each include two or more mixers and may be arranged for quadraturedown-conversion and/or up-conversion respectively with the help ofsynthesizer 304. In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 302 and themixer circuitry 314 may each include two or more mixers each configuredfor image rejection (e.g., Hartley image rejection). In someembodiments, the mixer circuitry 302 and the mixer circuitry 314 may bearranged for direct down-conversion and/or direct up-conversion,respectively. In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 302 and the mixercircuitry 314 may be configured for super-heterodyne operation, althoughthis is not a requirement.

Mixer circuitry 302 may comprise, according to one embodiment;quadrature passive mixers (e.g., for the in-phase (I) and quadraturephase (Q) paths). In such an embodiment, RF input signal 207 from FIG. 3may be down-converted to provide I and Q baseband output signals to besent to the baseband processor

Quadrature passive mixers may be driven by zero and ninety-degreetime-varying LO switching signals provided by a quadrature circuitrywhich may be configured to receive a LO frequency (f_(LO)) from a localoscillator or a synthesizer, such as LO frequency 305 of synthesizer 304(FIG. 3). In some embodiments, the LO frequency may be the carrierfrequency, while in other embodiments, the LO frequency may be afraction of the carrier frequency (e.g., one-half the carrier frequency,one-third the carrier frequency). In some embodiments, the zero andninety-degree time-varying switching signals may be generated by thesynthesizer, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited inthis respect.

In some embodiments, the LO signals may differ in duty cycle (thepercentage of one period in which the LO signal is high) and/or offset(the difference between start points of the period). In someembodiments, the LO signals may have a 25% duty cycle and a 50% offset.In some embodiments, each branch of the mixer circuitry (e.g., thein-phase (I) and quadrature phase (Q) path) may operate at a 25% dutycycle, which may result in a significant reduction is power consumption.

The RF input signal 207 (FIG. 2) may comprise a balanced signal,although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.The I and Q baseband output signals may be provided to low-noseamplifier, such as amplifier circuitry 306 (FIG. 3) or to filtercircuitry 308 (FIG. 3).

In some embodiments, the output baseband signals 307 and the inputbaseband signals 311 may be analog baseband signals, although the scopeof the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some alternateembodiments, the output baseband signals 307 and the input basebandsignals 311 may be digital baseband signals. In these alternateembodiments, the radio IC circuitry may include analog-to-digitalconverter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuitry.

In some dual-mode embodiments, a separate radio IC circuitry may beprovided for processing signals for each spectrum, or for otherspectrums not mentioned here, although the scope of the embodiments isnot limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuitry 304 may be a fractional-Nsynthesizer or a fractional N/N+1 synthesizer, although the scope of theembodiments is not limited in this respect as other types of frequencysynthesizers may be suitable. For example, synthesizer circuitry 304 maybe a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier, or a synthesizercomprising a phase-locked loop with a frequency divider. According tosome embodiments, the synthesizer circuitry 304 may include digitalsynthesizer circuitry. An advantage of using a digital synthesizercircuitry is that, although it may still include some analog components,its footprint may be scaled down much more than the footprint of ananalog synthesizer circuitry. In some embodiments, frequency input intosynthesizer circuitry 304 may be provided by a voltage controlledoscillator (VCO), although that is not a requirement. A divider controlinput may further be provided by either the baseband processingcircuitry 108 (FIG. 1) or the application processor 111 (FIG. 1)depending on the desired output frequency 305. In some embodiments, adivider control input (e.g., N) may be determined from a look-up table(e.g., within a Wi-Fi card) based on a channel number and a channelcenter frequency as determined or indicated by the application processor111.

In some embodiments, synthesizer circuitry 304 may be configured togenerate a carrier frequency as the output frequency 305, while in otherembodiments, the output frequency 305 may be a fraction of the carrierfrequency (e.g., one-half the carrier frequency, one-third the carrierfrequency). In some embodiments, the output frequency 305 may be a LOfrequency (f_(LO)).

FIG. 4 illustrates a functional block diagram of baseband processingcircuitry 400 in accordance with some embodiments. The basebandprocessing circuitry 400 is one example of circuitry that may besuitable for use as the baseband processing circuitry 108 (FIG. 1),although other circuitry configurations may also be suitable. Thebaseband processing circuitry 400 may include a receive basebandprocessor (RX BBP) 402 for processing receive baseband signals 309provided by the radio IC circuitry 106 (FIG. 1) and a transmit basebandprocessor (TX BBP) 404 for generating transmit baseband signals 311 forthe radio IC circuitry 106. The baseband processing circuitry 400 mayalso include control logic 406 for coordinating the operations of thebaseband processing circuitry 400.

In some embodiments (e.g., when analog baseband signals are exchangedbetween the baseband processing circuitry 400 and the radio IC circuitry106), the baseband processing circuitry 400 may include ADC 410 toconvert analog baseband signals received from the radio IC circuitry 106to digital baseband signals for processing by the RX BBP 402. In theseembodiments, the baseband processing circuitry 400 may also include DAC412 to convert digital baseband signals from the TX BBP 404 to analogbaseband signals.

In some embodiments that communicate OFDM signals or OFDMA signals, suchas through baseband processor 108A, the transmit baseband processor 404may be configured to generate OFDM or OFDMA signals as appropriate fortransmission by performing an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT). Thereceive baseband processor 402 may be configured to process receivedOFDM signals or OFDMA signals by performing an FFT. In some embodiments,the receive baseband processor 402 may be configured to detect thepresence of an OFDM signal or OFDMA signal by performing anautocorrelation, to detect a preamble, such as a short preamble, and byperforming a cross-correlation, to detect a long preamble. The preamblesmay be part of a predetermined frame structure for Wi-Fi communication.

Referring back to FIG. 1, in some embodiments, the antennas 101 (FIG. 1)may each comprise one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas,including, for example, dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patchantennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas or other types of antennassuitable for transmission of RF signals. In some multiple-inputmultiple-output (MIMO) embodiments, the antennas may be effectivelyseparated to take advantage of spatial diversity and the differentchannel characteristics that may result. Antennas 101 may each include aset of phased-array antennas, although embodiments are not so limited.

Although the radio-architecture 100 is illustrated as having severalseparate functional elements, one or more of the functional elements maybe combined and may be implemented by combinations ofsoftware-configured elements, such as processing elements includingdigital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements. Forexample, some elements may comprise one or more microprocessors, DSPs,field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integratedcircuits (ASICs), radio-frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) andcombinations of various hardware and logic circuitry for performing atleast the functions described herein. In some embodiments, thefunctional elements may refer to one or more processes operating on oneor more processing elements.

FIG. 5 illustrates a WLAN 500 in accordance with some embodiments. TheWLAN may comprise a basis service set (BSS) or personal BSS (PBSS) 500that may include a access point (AP) 502, which may be an AP or astation acting as a PBSS control point (PCP), stations 504 (e.g., IEEE802.11ay), and legacy devices 506 (e.g., IEEE 802.11n/ac/ad). In someembodiments, the access point 502 and/or stations 504 may be an enhancedDMG (EDMG) access point or EDMG stations, respectively. In someembodiments, the legacy devices 506 may be DMG devices.

The AP 502 may be an AP configured to transmit and receive in accordancewith one or more IEEE 802.11 communication protocols, IEEE 802.11ax orIEEE 802.11ay. In some embodiments, the access point 502 is a basestation. The access point 502 may be part of a PBSS. The access point502 may use other communications protocols as well as the IEEE 802.11protocol. The IEEE 802.11 protocol may include using orthogonalfrequency division multiple-access (OFDMA), time division multipleaccess (TDMA), and/or code division multiple access (CDMA). The IEEE802.11 protocol may include a multiple access technique. For example,the IEEE 802.11 protocol may include code division multiple access(CDMA), space-division multiple access (SDMA), multiple-inputmultiple-output (MIMO), multi-user (MU) MIMO (MU-MIMO), and/orsingle-input single-output (SISO). The access point 502 and/or station504 may be configured to operate in accordance with Next Generation 60(NG60), WiFi Gigabyte (WiGiG), and/or IEEE 802.11ay.

The legacy devices 506 may operate in accordance with one or more ofIEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac/ad/af/ah/aj, or another legacy wirelesscommunication standard. The legacy devices 506 may be IEEE 802 stations.The stations 504 may be wireless transmit and receive devices such ascellular telephone, smart telephone, handheld wireless device, wirelessglasses, wireless watch, wireless personal device, tablet, or anotherdevice that may be transmitting and receiving using the IEEE 802.11protocol such as IEEE 802.11ay/ax or another wireless protocol. Thestations 504 and/or access point 502 may be attached to a BSS and mayalso operate in accordance with IEEE 802.11ay where one of the stations504 and/or access point 502 takes the role of the PCP. The access point502 may be a station 504 taking the role of the PCP.

The access point 502 may communicate with legacy devices 506 inaccordance with legacy IEEE 802.11 communication techniques. In exampleembodiments, the access point 502 may also be configured to communicatewith stations 504 in accordance with legacy IEEE 802.11 communicationtechniques. The access point 502 may use techniques of 802.11ad forcommunication with legacy devices 106. The access point 502 and/orstations 504 may be a personal basic service set (PBSS) Control Point(PCP) which can be equipped with large aperture antenna array or ModularAntenna Array (MAA).

The access point 502 and/or stations 504 may be equipped with more thanone antenna. Each of the antennas of access point 502 and/or stations504 may be a phased array antenna with many elements. In someembodiments, an IEEE 802.11ay frame may be configurable to have the samebandwidth as a channel. In some embodiments, the access point 502 and/orstations 504 may be equipped with one or more directional multi-gigabit(DMG) antennas or enhanced DMG (EDMG) antennas, which may includemultiple radio-frequency base band (RF-BB) chains. The access point 502and/or stations 504 may be configured to perform beamforming and mayhave an antenna weight vector (AWV) associated with one or moreantennas. In some embodiments, the AP 502 and/or stations 504 may be aEDMG AP 502 or EDMG station 504, respectively. In some embodiments, theaccess point 502 and/or STA 504 may transmit a frame, e.g., a PPDU.

An IEEE 802.11ay frame may be configured for transmitting a number ofspatial streams, which may be in accordance with MU-MIMO. In otherembodiments, the AP 502, stations 504, and/or legacy devices 506 mayalso implement different technologies such as code division multipleaccess (CDMA) 2000, CDMA 2000 1×, CDMA 2000 Evolution-Data Optimized(EV-DO), Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95),Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Long Term Evolution (LTE), Global Systemfor Mobile communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution(EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperabilityfor Microwave Access (WiMAX)), BlueTooth®, or other technologies. Insome embodiments, the AP 502 and/or stations 504 may be configured toimplement more than one communications protocols, which may becollocated in the same device. The two or more communications protocolsmay use common or separate components to implement the communicationsprotocols.

In accordance with some IEEE 802.11ay embodiments, an AP 502 may bearranged to contend for a wireless medium (e.g., during a contentionperiod) to receive exclusive control of the medium, which may be termeda transmission opportunity (TxOP) for performing beamforming trainingfor a multiple access technique such as OFDMA or MU-MIMO. In someembodiments, the multiple-access technique used during a TxOP may be ascheduled OFDMA technique, although this is not a requirement. In someembodiments, the multiple access technique may be a space-divisionmultiple access (SDMA) technique. The AP 502 may communicate with legacystations 506 and/or stations 504 in accordance with legacy IEEE 802.11communication techniques.

In example embodiments, the radio architecture of FIG. 5, the front-endmodule circuitry of FIG. 2, the radio IC circuitry of FIG. 3, and/or thebase-band processing circuitry of FIG. 4 may be configured to performthe methods and functions herein described in conjunction with FIGS.1-19.

In example embodiments, the stations 504, an apparatus of the stations504, the access point 502, and/or an apparatus of an access point 502,may include one or more of the following: the radio architecture of FIG.1, the front-end module circuitry of FIG. 2, the radio IC circuitry ofFIG. 3, and/or the base-band processing circuitry of FIG. 4.

In example embodiments, the stations 504, apparatuses of the stations504, the access points 502, and/or apparatuses of the access point 502,are configured to perform the methods and functions described herein inconjunction with FIGS. 1-19. The term Wi-Fi may refer to one or more ofthe IEEE 802.11 communication standards. AP may refer to an access point502. STA may refer to a station 504 and/or a legacy device 506.

FIG. 6 illustrates a block diagram of an example machine 600 upon whichany one or more of the techniques (e.g., methodologies) discussed hereinmay perform. In alternative embodiments, the machine 600 may operate asa standalone device or may be connected (e.g., networked) to othermachines. In a networked deployment, the machine 600 may operate in thecapacity of a server machine, a client machine, or both in server-clientnetwork environments. In an example, the machine 600 may act as a peermachine in peer-to-peer (P2P) (or other distributed) networkenvironment. The machine 600 may be a access point 502, HE station 104,personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a set-top box (STB), a personaldigital assistant (PDA), a portable communications device, a mobiletelephone, a smart phone, a web appliance, a network router, switch orbridge, or any machine capable of executing instructions (sequential orotherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine. Further,while only a single machine is illustrated, the term “machine” shallalso be taken to include any collection of machines that individually orjointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform anyone or more of the methodologies discussed herein, such as cloudcomputing, software as a service (SaaS), other computer clusterconfigurations.

Machine (e.g., computer system) 600 may include a hardware processor 602(e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit(GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof), a mainmemory 604 and a static memory 606, some or all of which may communicatewith each other via an interlink (e.g., bus) 608.

Specific examples of main memory 604 include Random Access Memory (RAM),and semiconductor memory devices, which may include, in someembodiments, storage locations in semiconductors such as registers.Specific examples of static memory 606 include non-volatile memory, suchas semiconductor memory devices (e.g., Electrically ProgrammableRead-Only Memory (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-OnlyMemory (EEPROM)) and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, such asinternal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; RAM; andCD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks.

The machine 600 may further include a display device 610, an inputdevice 612 (e.g., a keyboard), and a user interface (UI) navigationdevice 614 (e.g., a mouse). In an example, the display device 610, inputdevice 612 and UI navigation device 614 may be a touch screen display.The machine 600 may additionally include a mass storage (e.g., driveunit) 616, a signal generation device 618 (e.g., a speaker), a networkinterface device 620, and one or more sensors 621, such as a globalpositioning system (GPS) sensor, compass, accelerometer, or othersensor. The machine 600 may include an output controller 628, such as aserial (e.g., universal serial bus (USB), parallel, or other wired orwireless (e.g., infrared (IR), near field communication (NFC), etc.)connection to communicate or control one or more peripheral devices(e.g., a printer, card reader, etc.). In some embodiments the processor602 and/or instructions 624 may comprise one or more of physical layercircuitry, MAC layer circuitry, processing circuitry, and/or transceivercircuitry. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry may include oneor more of the processor 602, the instructions 624, physical layercircuitry, MAC layer circuitry, and/or transceiver circuitry. Theprocessor 602, instructions 624, physical layer circuitry, MAC layercircuitry, processing circuitry, and/or transceiver circuitry may beconfigured to perform one or more of the methods and/or operationsdisclosed herein.

The storage device 616 may include a machine readable medium 622 onwhich is stored one or more sets of data structures or instructions 624(e.g., software) embodying or utilized by any one or more of thetechniques or functions described herein. The instructions 624 may alsoreside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory 604,within static memory 606, or within the hardware processor 602 duringexecution thereof by the machine 600. In an example, one or anycombination of the hardware processor 602, the main memory 604, thestatic memory 606, or the storage device 616 may constitute machinereadable media.

Specific examples of machine readable media may include: non-volatilememory, such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., EPROM or EEPROM) andflash memory devices; magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks andremovable disks; magneto-optical disks; RAM; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROMdisks.

While the machine readable medium 622 is illustrated as a single medium,the term “machine readable medium” may include a single medium ormultiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/orassociated caches and servers) configured to store the one or moreinstructions 624.

In some embodiments, an apparatus used by the station 500 may includevarious components of the station 504 as shown in FIG. 5 and/or theexample machines 100, 200, 300, or 600. Accordingly, techniques andoperations described herein that refer to the station 504 may beapplicable to an apparatus of the station 504, in some embodiments. Itshould also be noted that in some embodiments, an apparatus used by theAP 502 may include various components of the AP 502 as shown in FIG. 5and/or the example machine 100, 200, 300, or 600. Accordingly,techniques and operations described herein that refer to the AP 502 maybe applicable to an apparatus for an AP, in some embodiments.

An apparatus of the machine 600 may be one or more of a hardwareprocessor 602 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphicsprocessing unit (GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combinationthereof), a main memory 604 and a static memory 606, sensors 621,network interface device 620, antennas 660, a display device 610, aninput device 612, a UI navigation device 614, a mass storage 616,instructions 624, a signal generation device 618, and an outputcontroller 628. The apparatus may be configured to perform one or moreof the methods and/or operations disclosed herein. The apparatus may beintended as a component of the machine 600 to perform one or more of themethods and/or operations disclosed herein, and/or to perform a portionof one or more of the methods and/or operations disclosed herein. Insome embodiments, the apparatus may include a pin or other means toreceive power. In some embodiments, the apparatus may include powerconditioning hardware. Accordingly, apparatuses, devices, and operationsdescribed herein that refer to the station 504 and/or AP 502 may beapplicable to an apparatus for the station 504 and/or AP 502.

The term “machine readable medium” may include any medium that iscapable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution bythe machine 600 and that cause the machine 600 to perform any one ormore of the techniques of the present disclosure, or that is capable ofstoring, encoding or carrying data structures used by or associated withsuch instructions. Non-limiting machine readable medium examples mayinclude solid-state memories, and optical and magnetic media. Specificexamples of machine readable media may include: non-volatile memory,such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., Electrically ProgrammableRead-Only Memory (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-OnlyMemory (EEPROM)) and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, such asinternal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; RandomAccess Memory (RAM); and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks. In some examples,machine readable media may include non-transitory machine-readablemedia. In some examples, machine readable media may include machinereadable media that is not a transitory propagating signal.

The instructions 624 may further be transmitted or received over acommunications network 626 using a transmission medium via the networkinterface device 620 utilizing any one of a number of transfer protocols(e.g., frame relay, internet protocol (IP), transmission controlprotocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP), hypertext transferprotocol (HTTP), etc.). Example communication networks may include alocal area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a packet datanetwork (e.g., the Internet), mobile telephone networks (e.g., cellularnetworks), Plain Old Telephone (POTS) networks, and wireless datanetworks (e.g., Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)802.11 family of standards known as Wi-Fi®, IEEE 802.16 family ofstandards known as WiMax®), IEEE 802.6.4 family of standards, a LongTerm Evolution (LTE) family of standards, a Universal MobileTelecommunications System (UMTS) family of standards, peer-to-peer (P2P)networks, among others.

In an example, the network interface device 620 may include one or morephysical jacks (e.g., Ethernet, coaxial, or phone jacks) or one or moreantennas to connect to the communications network 626. In an example,the network interface device 620 may include one or more antennas 660 towirelessly communicate using at least one of single-inputmultiple-output (SIMO), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), ormultiple-input single-output (MISO) techniques. In some examples, thenetwork interface device 620 may wirelessly communicate using MultipleUser MIMO techniques. The term “transmission medium” shall be taken toinclude any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding orcarrying instructions for execution by the machine 600, and includesdigital or analog communications signals or other intangible medium tofacilitate communication of such software.

Examples, as described herein, may include, or may operate on, logic ora number of components, modules, or mechanisms. Modules are tangibleentities (e.g., hardware) capable of performing specified operations andmay be configured or arranged in a certain manner. In an example,circuits may be arranged (e.g., internally or with respect to externalentities such as other circuits) in a specified manner as a module. Inan example, the whole or part of one or more computer systems (e.g., astandalone, client or server computer system) or one or more hardwareprocessors may be configured by firmware or software (e.g.,instructions, an application portion, or an application) as a modulethat operates to perform specified operations. In an example, thesoftware may reside on a machine readable medium. In an example, thesoftware, when executed by the underlying hardware of the module, causesthe hardware to perform the specified operations.

Accordingly, the term “module” is understood to encompass a tangibleentity, be that an entity that is physically constructed, specificallyconfigured (e.g., hardwired), or temporarily (e.g., transitorily)configured (e.g., programmed) to operate in a specified manner or toperform part or all of any operation described herein. Consideringexamples in which modules are temporarily configured, each of themodules need not be instantiated at any one moment in time. For example,where the modules comprise a general-purpose hardware processorconfigured using software, the general-purpose hardware processor may beconfigured as respective different modules at different times. Softwaremay accordingly configure a hardware processor, for example, toconstitute a particular module at one instance of time and to constitutea different module at a different instance of time.

Some embodiments may be implemented fully or partially in softwareand/or firmware. This software and/or firmware may take the form ofinstructions contained in or on a non-transitory computer-readablestorage medium. Those instructions may then be read and executed by oneor more processors to enable performance of the operations describedherein. The instructions may be in any suitable form, such as but notlimited to source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executablecode, static code, dynamic code, and the like. Such a computer-readablemedium may include any tangible non-transitory medium for storinginformation in a form readable by one or more computers, such as but notlimited to read only memory (ROM); random access memory (RAM); magneticdisk storage media; optical storage media; flash memory, etc.

FIG. 7 illustrates a block diagram of an example wireless device 700upon which any one or more of the techniques (e.g., methodologies oroperations) discussed herein may perform. The wireless device 700 may bea HE device. The wireless device 700 may be a HE STA 504 and/or HE AP502 (e.g., FIG. 5). A HE STA 504 and/or HE AP 502 may include some orall of the components shown in FIGS. 1-7. The wireless device 700 may bean example machine 600 as disclosed in conjunction with FIG. 6.

The wireless device 700 may include processing circuitry 708. Theprocessing circuitry 708 may include a transceiver 702, physical layercircuitry (PHY circuitry) 704, and MAC layer circuitry (MAC circuitry)706, one or more of which may enable transmission and reception ofsignals to and from other wireless devices 700 (e.g., HE AP 502, HE STA504, and/or legacy devices 506) using one or more antennas 712. As anexample, the PHY circuitry 704 may perform various encoding and decodingfunctions that may include formation of baseband signals fortransmission and decoding of received signals. As another example, thetransceiver 702 may perform various transmission and reception functionssuch as conversion of signals between a baseband range and a RadioFrequency (RF) range.

Accordingly, the PHY circuitry 704 and the transceiver 702 may beseparate components or may be part of a combined component, e.g.,processing circuitry 708. In addition, some of the describedfunctionality related to transmission and reception of signals may beperformed by a combination that may include one, any or all of the PHYcircuitry 704 the transceiver 702, MAC circuitry 706, memory 710, andother components or layers. The MAC circuitry 706 may control access tothe wireless medium. The wireless device 700 may also include memory 710arranged to perform the operations described herein, e.g., some of theoperations described herein may be performed by instructions stored inthe memory 710.

The antennas 712 (some embodiments may include only one antenna) maycomprise one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas, including,for example, dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patch antennas, loopantennas, microstrip antennas or other types of antennas suitable fortransmission of RF signals. In some multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) embodiments, the antennas 712 may be effectively separated totake advantage of spatial diversity and the different channelcharacteristics that may result.

One or more of the memory 710, the transceiver 702, the PHY circuitry704, the MAC circuitry 706, the antennas 712, and/or the processingcircuitry 708 may be coupled with one another. Moreover, although memory710, the transceiver 702, the PHY circuitry 704, the MAC circuitry 706,the antennas 712 are illustrated as separate components, one or more ofmemory 710, the transceiver 702, the PHY circuitry 704, the MACcircuitry 706, the antennas 712 may be integrated in an electronicpackage or chip.

In some embodiments, the wireless device 700 may be a mobile device asdescribed in conjunction with FIG. 6. In some embodiments, the wirelessdevice 700 may be configured to operate in accordance with one or morewireless communication standards as described herein (e.g., as describedin conjunction with FIGS. 1-6, IEEE 802.11). In some embodiments, thewireless device 700 may include one or more of the components asdescribed in conjunction with FIG. 6 (e.g., display device 610, inputdevice 612, etc.) Although the wireless device 700 is illustrated ashaving several separate functional elements, one or more of thefunctional elements may be combined and may be implemented bycombinations of software-configured elements, such as processingelements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or otherhardware elements. For example, some elements may comprise one or moremicroprocessors, DSPs, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs),application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), radio-frequencyintegrated circuits (RFICs) and combinations of various hardware andlogic circuitry for performing at least the functions described herein.In some embodiments, the functional elements may refer to one or moreprocesses operating on one or more processing elements.

In some embodiments, an apparatus of or used by the wireless device 700may include various components of the wireless device 700 as shown inFIG. 7 and/or components from FIGS. 1-6. Accordingly, techniques andoperations described herein that refer to the wireless device 700 may beapplicable to an apparatus for a wireless device 700 (e.g., HE AP 502and/or HE STA 504), in some embodiments. In some embodiments, thewireless device 700 is configured to decode and/or encode signals,packets, and/or frames as described herein, e.g., PPDUs.

In some embodiments, the MAC circuitry 706 may be arranged to contendfor a wireless medium during a contention period to receive control ofthe medium for a HE TXOP and encode or decode an HE PPDU. In someembodiments, the MAC circuitry 706 may be arranged to contend for thewireless medium based on channel contention settings, a transmittingpower level, and a clear channel assessment level (e.g., an energydetect level).

The PHY circuitry 704 may be arranged to transmit signals in accordancewith one or more communication standards described herein. For example,the PHY circuitry 704 may be configured to transmit a HE PPDU. The PHYcircuitry 704 may include circuitry for modulation/demodulation,upconversion/downconversion, filtering, amplification, etc. In someembodiments, the processing circuitry 708 may include one or moreprocessors. The processing circuitry 708 may be configured to performfunctions based on instructions being stored in a RAM or ROM, or basedon special purpose circuitry. The processing circuitry 708 may include aprocessor such as a general-purpose processor or special purposeprocessor. The processing circuitry 708 may implement one or morefunctions associated with antennas 712, the transceiver 702, the PHYcircuitry 704, the MAC circuitry 706, and/or the memory 710. In someembodiments, the processing circuitry 708 may be configured to performone or more of the functions/operations and/or methods described herein.

In mmWave technology, communication between a station (e.g., the HEstations 504 of FIG. 5 or wireless device 700) and an access point(e.g., the HE AP 502 of FIG. 5 or wireless device 700) may useassociated effective wireless channels that are highly directionallydependent. To accommodate the directionality, beamforming techniques maybe utilized to radiate energy in a certain direction with certainbeamwidth to communicate between two devices. The directed propagationconcentrates transmitted energy toward a target device in order tocompensate for significant energy loss in the channel between the twocommunicating devices. Using directed transmission may extend the rangeof the millimeter-wave communication versus utilizing the sametransmitted energy in omni-directional propagation.

FIG. 8 illustrates an EDMG operation element 800, in accordance withsome embodiments. The EDMG operation element 800 comprising an elementidentification (ID) field 802, length field 804, element ID extensionfield 806, primary channel field 808, a BSS AID field 810, anassociation beamforming training (A-BFT) parameters field 812, a BSSoperating channels field 814, and an operating channel width field 816.

In some embodiments, each of the fields 802, 804, 806, 808, 810, 812,814, and 814 are one (1) octet. The element ID field 802, length field804, and element ID extension field 806 may indicate a type of theelement as EDMG operation element 800. The length field 804 may indicatea length of the EDMG operation element 800. The primary channel (number)field 808 indicates a 2.16 GHz channel number of the primary channel ofthe BSS (e.g., BSS 500).

The BSS AID field 810 indicates a value in the range of 1 to 254assigned by an AP or PCP to identify the BSS, in accordance with someembodiments. The A-BFT parameters field 812 defines parameters forbeamforming, in accordance with some embodiments.

The BSS operating channels field 814 (e.g., 900) is a bitmap thatindicates the 2.16 GHz channel or channels that are allowed to be usedfor transmission in the BSS and is formatted as shown in FIG. 9. Theoperating channel width field 816 encodes the allowed channel bandwidthconfigurations and as defined in Table 1, in accordance with someembodiments. Channel bandwidth (BW) configuration subfield value may bea subfield of operating channel width field 816.

TABLE 1 Operating Channel Width Field Values PPDU masks that are allowedto be transmitted in the BSS in accordance with rules Channel BWConfiguration 2.16 4.32 6.48 8.64 2.16 + 2.16 4.32 + 4.32 subfield ValueGHz GHz GHz GHz GHz GHz Reserved 0-3 Operating on 2.16 4 1 0 0 0 0 0GHz, 4.32, GHz, 5 1 1 0 0 0 0 6.48 GHz, and 8.64 6 1 1 1 0 0 0 GHz only7 1 1 1 1 0 0 Operating on 2.16 8 1 0 0 0 1 0 GHz, 4.32, 6.48 9 1 1 0 01 0 GHz, 8.64 GHz, and 10 1 1 1 0 1 0 2.16 + 2.16 GHz only 11 1 1 1 1 10 Operating on 2.16 12 1 0 0 0 1 1 GHz, 4.32, 6.48 13 1 1 0 0 1 1 GHz,8.64 GHz 14 1 1 1 0 1 1 only, 2.16 + 2.16 15 1 1 1 1 1 1 GHz, and 4.32 +4.32 GHz only

FIG. 9 illustrates a BSS operating channels field 814, in accordancewith some embodiments. The BSS operating channels field 814 may be thesame or similar as BSS operating channels field 814. The BSS operatingchannels field 814 may include a bit for each 2.16 GHz channel. Each bit918, e.g., bit 0 (B0), bit 1 (B1), etc., may correspond to a channel,e.g., Channel 1 (CH1), channel 2 (CH2), etc. The BSS operating channelsfield 814 is a bitmap that indicates the 2.16 GHz channel or channelsthat are allowed to be used for transmissions in the BSS (e.g., BSS500). The channels may be defined as a portion of the wireless spectrum,e.g., a portion of the 60 GHz wireless spectrum. When a bit 918 is setto 1, transmission on the indicated channel is allowed; otherwise if thebit 918 is set to 0, transmission on the indicated channel is notallowed. The bit 918 corresponding to the primary channel (e.g., theprimary channel indicated by the primary channel field 808) is alwaysset to 1 and the total number of bits 918 that are set to 1 may belimited, e.g., to not exceed 4.

Utilizing transmission on BSS Operating Channel that were set to 1 (i.e.active BSS operating channels) is pending Clear channel assessment (CCA)should be done on each of the BSS Operating channels. Hence active BSSoperation channels other than the Primary channel are required to beassigned to secondary channels. Table 3 and assignment 1402 are examplesof assigning the BSS operating channels to secondary channel, secondary1channel, and secondary2 channel. Resource allocations, e.g., from the APor PCP to the STA may then be in logical terms regarding the secondarychannel, secondary1 channel, and secondary2 channel.

The results of a clear channel assessment (CCA) may include achannel-list parameter. Table 2 indicates results of a CCA, which may bebased on the logical channels.

TABLE 2 Results of CCA Channel-List Parameter Result Primary Indicatesthat the primary 2.16 GHz channel is busy Secondary Indicates that thesecondary 2.16 GHz channel is busy Secondary1 Indicates that the secondsecondary (second1) 2.16 GHz channel is busy Secondary2 Indicates thatthe third secondary 2.16 GHz channel is busy

FIGS. 10-13 illustrates example channel assignments for various BSSoperating channels, in accordance with some embodiments. Illustrated inFIGS. 10-13 are primary, secondary, secondary 1, secondary 2, CH I 1002,1102, 1202, 1302, CH K 1004, 1104, 1204, 1304, CH X 1208, 1306, CH L1006, 1106, 1206, 1308, and CH M 1008, 1108, 1210, 1310. Primary,secondary, secondary 1, and secondary 2 are logical channels that may bebonded or aggregated. CH I, CH K, CH L, and CH M are channels assignedto channels that are indicated with 1 as channels that are allowed fortransmission by BSS operating channels field, 814. Primary is alwaysassigned to the channel number indicated by the primary channel field808.

As an example, referring to FIG. 10, BSS operating channel field 814 mayhave a 1 at CH3 906 and a 1 at CH4 908. The primary channel field 808may be equal to 3 for CH 3. A station 504 (or AP 502) may transmit onthe physical channels CH3 and CH4, which are both 2.16 GHz. The primaryand second logical channels may be bonded so that a PPDU may betransmitted over the physical bonded channel CH3 and CH4 with a 4.32 GHzmask PPDU. The operating channel width field 816 may indicate that a4.32 GHz mask PPDU is allowed. For example, the channel BW configurationsubfield value may be 6, which indicates that 4.32 GHz mask PPDUs arepermitted. CH I, CH K, CH L, and CH M indicate that CH I<CH K<CH L<CH Mfor physical channels indicated in BSS operating channel field 814. One,two, three, or four channels may be indicated to map to CH I, CH K, CHL, and CH M. If only one channel is indicated in BSS operating channelfield 814, then it maps to CH I. If two channels are indicated in BSSoperating channel field 814, then it maps to CH I and CH K. If threechannels are indicated in BSS operating channel field 814, then it mapsto CH I, CH K, and CH L. If four channels are indicated in BSS operatingchannel field 814, then it maps to CH I, CH K, CH L, and CH M. FIGS.10-13 indicate that the order of the logical channels may change. Theremay be one or more channels between CH I, CH K, CH L, and CH M.

Additionally, different PPDUs may be used. For example, referring toFIG. 10, where “+” indicates a bonded channel: primary 1006+second 1008;secondary1 1004+primary 1006+secondary 1008; primary 1006+secondary11004; second2 1002+second1 1004+primary 1006; or, second21002+secondary1 1004+primary 1006+secondary 1008. Aggregated channelsmay also be used, for example, referring to FIG. 11, primary 1102 andsecondary1 1106. In another example, referring to FIG. 13, second1302+primary 1304 and secondary1 1308+secondary2 1310, which indicates acombination of bonding “+”” and aggregation “and.”

FIG. 14 illustrates assignment of secondary, secondary1, and secondary2channels 1400, in accordance with some embodiments. Illustrated in FIG.14 is assignment 1402, number of channels 1404, channel set 1406,primary channel 1408, secondary channel 1410, secondary1 channel 1412,and secondary2 channel 1414. Assignment 1402 takes number of channels1404, channel set 1406, primary channel 1408 and returns secondarychannel 1410, secondary 1 channel 1412, and second2 channel 1414. Thenumber of channels 1404 may be a number of channels in the channel set1406. The channel set 1406 may be the number of channels that areindicated in the BSS operating channel field 814, e.g., the number ofbits 918 that are set to 1. The primary channel 1408 is the primarychannel that is indicated in the primary channel field 808.

Secondary channel 1410 is an assignment of one of the channels indicatedin the channel set 1406 if the number of channels indicated in thechannel set 1406 is at least two. Secondary channel1 channel 1412 is anassignment of one of the channels indicated in the channel set 1406 ifthe number of channels 1404 is at least three. Second2 channel 1414 isan assignment of one of the channels indicated in the channel set 1406if the number of channels is at least four. If the number of channels1404 is one, then there is no assignment beyond keeping the primarychannel indicated by primary channel 1408 the same. For a number ofchannels 1404 of two, the assignment 1402 will assign the secondarychannel 1410 to the channel of the channel set 1406 that is not theprimary channel 1408. For example, if the primary channel 1408 ischannel 1 and the channel set 1406 indicates channel 1 and channel 3,then the assignment will assign channel 3 to secondary channel 1410.

The assignment 1402 may determine the assignment of the secondarychannel 1410, secondary1 channel 1412, and secondary2 channel 1414 basedon a location of the primary channel 1408 within the channel set 1406.For example, assignment 1402 may assign the second channel 1410 to witha channel to the left of or the right of the primary channel 1408. Thisenables channel bonding between the primary channel 1408 and thesecondary channel 1410. For example, if the primary channel is channel2, then the assignment 1402 may assign the secondary channel 1410 aschannel 1 if the channel set 1406 indicates that channel 1 is part ofthe channel set 1406.

Table 3 is an example assignment of BSS Operating channels to secondary,secondary1 and secondary2 channels based on the channel set and theprimary channel. In the channel set, e.g., BSS operating channels 814,i<j<l<m. The primary channel, e.g., by primary channel 808. Secondary,secondary1, and secondary2 are then assigned or defined by Table 3 bysetting the values of i, j, l, and m to the values of the channels setin accordance with the number of channels that are set in the channelsset, e.g., number of bits set to 1 in BSS operating channels field 814.

TABLE 3 Configuration or assignment of primary channel, secondarychannel, secondary1 channel, and secondary2 channel based on the channelset and the primary channel Configuration presented in Primary Channelfield and in BSS Operating Channels field Number of Channels' relateddefinitions channels Channels set Primary Secondary Secondary 1Secondary 2 1 Ch(i) Ch(i) NA NA NA i = (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6) 2Ch(i), Ch(k) Ch(i) Ch(k) NA (i, j) = (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5),Ch(k) Ch(i) NA NA (1, 6), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 4), (3,5), (3, 6), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 6) 3 Ch(i), Ch(k), Ch(l) Ch(i) Ch(k)Ch(l) NA (i, k, l) = (1, 2, 3), Ch(k) Ch(i) Ch(l) NA (1, 2, 4), (1, 2,5), (1, 2, 6), (2, 3, 4), Ch(l) Ch(k) Ch(i) NA (2, 3, 5), (2, 3, 6), (3,4, 5), (3, 4, 6), (4, 5, 6) 3 Ch(i), Ch(k), Ch(l) Ch(i) Ch(k) Ch(l) NA(i, k, l) = (1, 3, 4), (1, 3, 5), Ch(k) Ch(l) Ch(i) NA (1, 3, 6), (1, 4,5), (1, 4, 6), Ch(l) Ch(k) Ch(i) NA (1, 5, 6), (2, 4, 5), (2, 4, 6), (2,5, 6), (3, 5, 6) 4 Ch(i), Ch(k), Ch(l), Ch(m) Ch(i) Ch(k) Ch(l) Ch(m)(i, k, l, m) = (1, 2, 3, 4), (2, 3, 4, 5), Ch(k) Ch(i) Ch(l) Ch(m) (3,4, 5, 6), (1, 2, 4, 5), (1, 2, 5, 6), Ch(l) Ch(m) Ch(k) Ch(i) (2, 3, 5,6), (1, 2, 4, 6) Ch(m) Ch(l) Ch(k) Ch(i) 4 Ch(i), Ch(k), Ch(l), Ch(m)Ch(i) Ch(k) Ch(l) Ch(m) (i, k, l, m) = (1, 2, 3, 5), (1, 2, 3, 6), Ch(k)Ch(i) Ch(l) Ch(m) (2, 3, 4, 6) Ch(l) Ch(k) Ch(i) Ch(m) Ch(m) Ch(l) Ch(k)Ch(i) 4 Ch(i), Ch(k), Ch(l), Ch(m) Ch(i) Ch(k) Ch(l) Ch(m) (i, k, l, m)= Ch(k) Ch(l) Ch(m) Ch(i) (1, 3, 4, 5), (1, 4, 5, 6), (2, 4, 5, 6),Ch(l) Ch(m) Ch(k) Ch(i) (1, 3, 5, 6) Ch(m) Ch(l) Ch(k) Ch(i) 4 Ch(i),Ch(k), Ch(l), Ch(m) Ch(i) Ch(k) Ch(l) Ch(m) (i, k, l, m) = (1, 3, 4, 6)Ch(k) Ch(l) Ch(i) Ch(m) Ch(l) Ch(k) Ch(i) Ch(m) Ch(m) Ch(l) Ch(k) Ch(i)

FIGS. 15-17 illustrate an example and will be disclosed in conjunctionwith one another. FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a BSS operatingchannels field 1500, in accordance with some embodiments. Illustrated inFIG. 15 are bits B0 1502, B1 1504, B2 1506, B3 1508, B4 1510, B5 1512,B6 1514, and B7 1516. B0 1502 represents channel 1 of the wirelessspectrum. B0, B1, and B3 1502, 1504, and 1508, respectively, have avalue of 1 indicating that CH1, CH2, and CH4, respectively, arepermitted to be used for the BSS. B2 1506 has a value of 1 as well, butis indicated as a “P” to indicate that the value of the primary channelfield 808 is 3 to indicate that CH3 is the primary channel. The primarychannel may be indicated in another manner.

FIG. 16 illustrates an example of the assignment of secondary,secondary1, and secondary2 channels 1600, in accordance with someembodiments. Illustrated in FIG. 16 are channels CH1 1602, CH2 1604, CH31606, CH4 1608, CH5 1610, CH6 1612, CH7 1614, and CH8 1616. Based on BSSoperating channel fields 1500, the EDMG secondary channel, secondary1channel, and secondary2 channel are as assigned or defined asillustrated in FIG. 1600. For example, referring to Table 3, there arefour operating channels, and the order of the operating channels withthe smallest first is (1, 2, 3, 4) with the primary channel being 3.Therefore, i=1, k=2, l=3, and m=4. With primary channel being 1. Thematching row is “Ch(l), Ch(m), Ch(k), Ch(i)” with the column headings“Primary, Secondary, Secondary1, and Secondary2.” So, Ch(l)=primary(P)=3; Ch(m)=secondary (S)=4; Ch(k)=secondary1 (S1)=3; and,Ch(i)=secondary2 (S2)=1. These assignments are definitions arerepresented in FIG. 16. FIGS. 15 and 16 illustrate how a STA 504 or AP502 would determine the operating channels (logical) of a BSS based onTable 3, primary channel field 808, and BSS operating channels field814, which may be included in an EDMG operation element 800.

FIG. 17 illustrates various masks that may be used for thechannelization of FIG. 16, in accordance with some embodiments.Illustrated in FIG. 17 is secondary2 channel 1702 (CH1), secondary 1channel 1704 (CH2), primary channel 1706 (CH3), secondary channel 1708(CH4), 4.32 GHz mask PPDU 1710.1, 4.32 GHz mask PPDU 1710.2, 6.48 GHzmask PPDU 1710.3, 6.48 GHz mask PPDU 1710.4, and 8.64 GHz mask PPDU1710.5. A STA 504 or AP 502 could use the different masks 1710 totransmit on the permitted channels 1702, 1704, 1706, and 1708. The STA504 or AP 502 may refer to Table 1 as an example of operating channelwidth field 816 to determine which masks 1710 are permitted. In anexample, the value of the operating channel width field 816 may be 6indicating that 4.32 GHz mask PPDUs 1710.1, 1710.2 and 6.48 GHz maskPPDUs 1710.3, 1710.4 are permitted, but that 8.64 GHz mask PPDUs 1710.5are not permitted.

Additionally, the STA 504 may perform a CCA, which as an example mayreturn CCA.Primary=IDLE; CCA. Secondary=IDLE; CCA.Secondary1=IDLE; and,CCA. Secondary2=BUSY. Meaning only primary channel 1706, secondarychannel 1708, and secondary1 channel 1704 are available to use. So 6.48GHz mask PPDU 1710.4 and 8.64 GHz mask PPDU 1710.5 can not be usedregardless of the value of operating channel width field 816 becausesecondary2 channel 1702 is busy. Nor can the STA 504 transmit on 2.16GHz+2.16 GHz mask PPDU for secondary2 channel 1702 and primary channel1706, because secondary2 channel 1702 is busy.

If the channel BW configuration (e.g., a row of Table 1) indicates thatchannel bandwidth (CB) of 4.32 GHz is supported, then 4.32 GHz mask PPDU1710.1 and 4.32 GHz mask PPDU 1710.2 could be used by the STA 504 or AP502. If the channel BW configuration (e.g., a row of Table 1) indicatesthat CB of 6.48 GHz is supported, then 6.48 GHz mask PPDU 1710.3 couldbe used by the STA 504 or AP 502 (not 6.48 GHz mask PPDU 1710.4 assecondary2 channel 1702 is busy.) If the channel BW configuration (e.g.,a row of Table 1) indicates that channel bandwidth (CB) of 2.16+2.16 GHzis supported, then primary channel 1706+secondary channel 1708 andsecondary1 channel 1704+primary channel 1706 could be used (notsecondary2 channel 1702+primary channel 1706 as secondary2 channel isbusy.)

FIG. 18 illustrates a method of assigning secondary millimeter wavechannels 1800, in accordance with some embodiments. The method 1800 maybegin with decoding a BSS operating channels field and a primary channelfield from an AP or PCP, where the BSS operating channels field is abitmap that indicates which 2.16 GHz channels of a plurality of 2.16 GHzchannels are permitted to be used for transmissions in the BSS, andwhere the primary channel field indicates a 2.16 GHz channel of theplurality of 2.16 GHz channels that is a primary channel of the BSS. Forexample, a STA 504 may decode an EDMG operation element 800 from an AP502 where the EDMG operation element includes a BSS operating channelsfield 814 and a primary channel 808.

The method 1800 may continue at operation 1804 with in response to thebitmap indicating two 2.16 GHz channels are permitted to be used fortransmissions in the BSS, assigning a 2.16 GHz channel of the two 2.16GHz channels that is not the primary channel to a secondary channel. Forexample, a STA 504 may be configured to determine the secondary channelbased on the row of Table 3 that indicates that when 2 2.16 GHz channelsare permitted for the BSS, then the row indicates that the secondchannel is assigned to the 2.16 GHz channel that the primary channel isnot assigned to.

The method 1800 may continue at operation 1806 with in response to thebitmap indicating three 2.16 GHz channels, assigning a 2.16 GHz channelof the three 2.16 GHz channels that is not the primary channel to eachof the secondary channel and a secondary 1 channel. For example, the STA504 may be configured to determine the secondary channel and thesecondary1 channel based on the rows of Table 3 that indicate that three2.16 GHz channels are permitted for the BSS. The rows indicateassignments of the secondary channel and the secondary1 channel based ona position of the primary channel within the permitted 2.16 GHz channelsindicated in the bitmap.

The method 1800 may continue at operation 1808 with in response to thebitmap indicating four 2.16 GHz channels, assigning a 2.16 GHz channelof the four 2.16 GHz channels that is not the primary channel to each ofthe secondary channel, the secondary 1 channel, and a secondary2channel. For example, the STA 504 may be configured to determine thesecondary channel, secondary1 channel, and secondary2 channel based onthe rows of Table 3 that indicate that four 2.16 GHz channels arepermitted for the BSS. The rows indicate assignments of the secondarychannel and the secondary1 channel, which is based on a position of theprimary channel within the permitted 2.16 GHz channels indicated in thebitmap.

The method 1800 may continue with configuring the STA to transmit aphysical layer (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU) on one or more of theprimary channel, secondary channel, secondary1 channel, and second2channel. For example, the STA 504 may determine which channels totransmit on as illustrated in FIGS. 15-17.

Method 1800 may be performed in a different order. Method 1800 mayinclude one or more additional operations. One or more of the operationsof method 1800 may be optional.

FIG. 19 illustrates a method of assigning secondary millimeter wavechannels 1900, in accordance with some embodiments. The method 1900 maybegin with encoding an extended EDMG) operation element, the extendedEDMG operation element comprising a BSS operating channels field and aprimary channel field, wherein the BSS operating channels field is abitmap that indicates which 2.16 GHz channels of a plurality of 2.16 GHzchannels are permitted to be used for transmissions in the BSS, andwhere the primary channel field indicates a 2.16 GHz channel of theplurality of 2.16 GHz channels that is a primary channel of the BSS. Forexample, AP 502 may encode an EDMG operation element 800 where the EDMGoperation element includes a BSS operating channels field 814 and aprimary channel 808.

The method 1900 may continue at operation 1904 with configuring the APto transmit the extended EDMG operation element to one or more STAs. Forexample, AP 502 may transmit an extended EDMG operation element 800 toone or more STAs 504. In some embodiments, the AP may have to determinethe secondary channel, secondary1 channel, secondary2 channel, andprimary channel before transmitting as well as determine the allowed themask PPDUs that may be used. The AP 502 may perform the exampleillustrated in FIGS. 15-17 to determine a mask PPDU to transmit to theSTAs 504. Method 1900 may be performed in a different order. Method 1900may include one or more additional operations. One or more of theoperations of method 1900 may be optional.

The Abstract is provided to comply with 37 C.F.R. Section 1.72(b)requiring an abstract that will allow the reader to ascertain the natureand gist of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with theunderstanding that it will not be used to limit or interpret the scopeor meaning of the claims. The following claims are hereby incorporatedinto the detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as aseparate embodiment.

What is claimed is:
 1. An apparatus of a station (STA), the apparatuscomprising: memory; and processing circuitry coupled to the memory, theprocessing circuitry configured to: decode a basic service set (BSS)operating channels field and a primary channel field from an accesspoint (AP) or personal basic service set control point (PCP), whereinthe BSS operating channels field is a bitmap that indicates which 2.16GHz channels of a plurality of 2.16 GHz channels are permitted to beused for transmissions in the BSS, and wherein the primary channel fieldindicates a 2.16 GHz channel of the plurality of 2.16 GHz channels thatis a primary channel of the BSS; in response to the bitmap indicatingtwo 2.16 GHz channels arc permitted to be used for transmissions in theBSS, assign a 2.16 GHz channel of the two 2.16 GHz channels that is notthe primary channel to a secondary channel; in response to the bitmapindicating three 2.16 GHz channels, assign a 2.16 GHz channel of thethree 2.16 GHz channels that is not the primary channel to each of thesecondary channel and a secondary 1 channel; in response to the bitmapindicating four 2.16 GHz channels, assign a 2.16 GHz channel of the four2.16 GHz channels that is not the primary channel to each of thesecondary channel, the secondary1 channel, and a secondary2 channel; andconfigure the STA to transmit a physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit(PPDU) on one or more of the primary channel, secondary channel,secondary 1 channel, and secondary2 channel.
 2. The apparatus of claim1, wherein a 1 in the bitmap indicates a corresponding 2.16 GHz channelnumber is permitted to be used for transmissions in the BSS.
 3. Theapparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is furtherconfigured to: decode an extended Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit(EDMG) operation element, wherein the extended EDMG operation elementcomprises the BSS operating channels field and the primary channelfield.
 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry isfurther configured to: perform a clear channel assessment (CCA), whereinthe CCA returns an indication of whether the primary channel is busy ornot busy, and for each of the secondary channel, secondary1 channel, andsecondary2 channel that are assigned a 2.16 GHz channel, an indicationwhether a corresponding 2.16 GHz channel is busy or idle.
 5. Theapparatus of claim 4, wherein the processing circuitry is furtherconfigured to: configure the STA to transmit the PPDU on one or more ofthe primary channel, secondary channel, secondary 1 channel, andsecondary2 channel, wherein the primary channel, second channel,secondary1 channel, and secondary2 channel is only selected if the CCAindicates idle.
 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processingcircuitry is further configured to: in response to the bitmap indicatingthree 2.16 GHz channels are permitted to be used for transmissions inthe BSS, assign i to the lowest number 2.16 GHz channel of the three2.16 GHz channels, assign k to the middle number 2.16 GHz channel of thethree 2.16 GHz channels, and assign 1 to the highest number 2.16 GHzchannel of the three 2.16 GHz channels, wherein the three 2.16 GHzchannels are each numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, and Ch(i), Ch(k), Ch(l),and Ch(m) each return a 2.16 GHz channel number assigned to i, k, l, andm, respectively, and wherein the secondary channel and the secondary1channel are assigned in accordance with the chart below: Three 2.16 GHzchannels Primary Secondary Secondary 1 Ch(i), Ch(k), Ch(l) Ch(i) Ch(k)Ch(l) (i, k, l) = (1, 2, 3), Ch(k) Ch(i) Ch(l) (1, 2, 4), (1, 2, 5), (1,2, 6), (2, 3, 4), Ch(l) Ch(k) Ch(i) (2, 3, 5), (2, 3, 6), (3, 4, 5), (3,4, 6), (4, 5, 6) Ch(i), Ch(k), Ch(l) Ch(i) Ch(k) Ch(l) (i, k, l) = (1,3, 4), (1, 3, 5), Ch(k) Ch(l) Ch(i) (1, 3, 6), (1, 4, 5), (1, 4, 6),Ch(l) Ch(k) Ch(i) (1, 5, 6), (2, 4, 5), (2, 4, 6), (2, 5, 6), (3, 5, 6).


7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is furtherconfigured to: in response to the bitmap indicating four 2.16 GHzchannels are permitted to be used for transmissions in the BSS, assign ito the lowest number 2.16 GHz channel of the four 2.16 GHz channels,assign k to the second lowest number 2.16 GHz channel of the four 2.16GHz channels, assign 1 to the third lowest number 2.16 GHz channel ofthe four 2.16 GHz channels, and assign m to the highest number 2.16 GHzchannel of the four 2.16 GHz channels, wherein the four 2.16 GHzchannels are each numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, and Ch(i), Ch(k), Ch(l),and Ch(m) each return a 2.16 GHz channel number assigned to i, k, l, andm, respectively, and wherein the secondary channel, the secondary1channel, and the secondary2 channel are assigned in accordance with thechart below: Primary Secondary Secondary 1 Secondary 2 Ch(i), Ch(k),Ch(l), Ch(m) Ch(i) Ch(k) Ch(l) Ch(m) (i, k, l, m) = (1, 2, 3, 4), (2, 3,4, 5), Ch(k) Ch(i) Ch(l) Ch(m) (3, 4, 5, 6), (1, 2, 4, 5), (1, 2, 5, 6),Ch(l) Ch(m) Ch(k) Ch(i) (2, 3, 5, 6), (1, 2, 4, 6) Ch(m) Ch(l) Ch(k)Ch(i) Ch(i), Ch(k), Ch(l), Ch(m) Ch(i) Ch(k) Ch(l) Ch(m) (i, k, l, m) =(1, 2, 3, 5), (1, 2, 3, 6), Ch(k) Ch(i) Ch(l) Ch(m) (2, 3, 4, 6) Ch(l)Ch(k) Ch(i) Ch(m) Ch(m) Ch(l) Ch(k) Ch(i) Ch(i), Ch(k), Ch(l), Ch(m)Ch(i) Ch(k) Ch(l) Ch(m) (i, k, l, m) = Ch(k) Ch(l) Ch(m) Ch(i) (1, 3, 4,5), (1, 4, 5, 6), (2, 4, 5, 6), Ch(l) Ch(m) Ch(k) Ch(i) (1, 3, 5, 6)Ch(m) Ch(l) Ch(k) Ch(i) Ch(i), Ch(k), Ch(l), Ch(m) Ch(i) Ch(k) Ch(l)Ch(m) (i, k, l, m) = (1, 3, 4, 6) Ch(k) Ch(l) Ch(i) Ch(m) Ch(l) Ch(k)Ch(i) Ch(m) Ch(m) Ch(l) Ch(k) Ch(i).


8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is furtherconfigured to: in response to the bitmap indicating four 2.16 GHzchannels, assign the 2.16 GHz channel of the four 2.16 GHz channels thatis not the primary channel to each of the secondary channel, thesecondary1 channel, and the secondary2 channel, wherein the assignmentis based on a position of the primary channel relative to three 2.16 GHzchannels that are to be assigned to the secondary channel, secondary1channel, and secondary2 channel.
 9. The apparatus of claim 1, whereinthe processing circuitry is further configured to: in response to thebitmap indicating three 2.16 GHz channels, assign the 2.16 GHz channelof the three 2.16 GHz channels that is not the primary channel to eachof the secondary channel and a secondary1 channel, wherein theassignment is based on a position of the primary channel relative to two2.16 GHz channels that are to be assigned to the secondary channel andsecondary 1 channel.
 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein theprocessing circuitry is further configured to: decode an operatingchannel width field, the operating channel width field indicatingchannel bandwidths that are permitted; and select a mask for the PPDUbased on the channel bandwidths that are permitted.
 11. The apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein the assignments are made so that the secondary channeland the primary channel are next to one another if possible.
 12. Theapparatus of claim 1, wherein the STA, AP, and PCP are each one or morefrom the following group: an Institute of Electrical and ElectronicEngineers (IEEE) 802.11ad access point, an IEEE 802.11ad station, anIEEE 802.11 station, an IEEE access point, an IEEE 802.11ay accesspoint, an IEEE 802.11ay station, an IEEE 802.11ad personal basic serviceset control point (PCP), and an IEEE 802.11ay PCP.
 13. The apparatus ofclaim 1, further comprising transceiver circuitry coupled to theprocessing circuitry; and, one or more antennas coupled to thetransceiver circuitry.
 14. A non-transitory computer-readable storagemedium that stores instructions for execution by one or more processorsof an apparatus of a station (STA), the instructions to configure theone or more processors to: decode a basic service set (BSS) operatingchannels field and a primary channel field from an access point (AP) orpersonal basic service set control point (PCP), wherein the BSSoperating channels field is a bitmap that indicates which 2.16 GHzchannels of a plurality of 2.16 GHz channels are permitted to be usedfor transmissions in the BSS, and wherein the primary channel fieldindicates a 2.16 GHz channel of the plurality of 2.16 GHz channels thatis a primary channel of the BSS: in response to the bitmap indicatingtwo 2.16 GHz channels are permitted to be used for transmissions in theBSS, assign a 2.16 GHz channel of the two 2.16 GHz channels that is notthe primary channel to a secondary channel; in response to the bitmapindicating three 2.16 GHz channels, assign a 2.16 GHz channel of thethree 2.16 GHz channels that is not the primary channel to each of thesecondary channel and a secondary1 channel; in response to the bitmapindicating four 2.16 GHz channels, assign a 2.16 GHz channel of the four2.16 GHz channels that is not the primary channel to each of thesecondary channel, the secondary1 channel, and a secondary2 channel; andconfigure the STA to transmit a physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit(PPDU) on one or more of the primary channel, secondary channel,secondary 1 channel, and secondary2 channel.
 15. The non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the instructionsfurther configure the one or more processors to: in response to thebitmap indicating three 2.16 GHz channels are permitted to be used fortransmissions in the BSS, assign i to the lowest number 2.16 GHz channelof the three 2.16 GHz channels, assign k to the middle number 2.16 GHzchannel of the three 2.16 GHz channels, and assign 1 to the highestnumber 2.16 GHz channel of the three 2.16 GHz channels, wherein thethree 2.16 GHz channels are each numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, andCh(i), Ch(k), Ch(l), and Ch(m) each return a 2.16 GHz channel numberassigned to i, k, l, and m, respectively, and wherein the secondarychannel and the secondary1 channel are assigned in accordance with thechart below: Three 2.16 GHz channels Primary Secondary Secondary 1Ch(i), Ch(k), Ch(l) Ch(i) Ch(k) Ch(l) (i, k, l) = (1, 2, 3), Ch(k) Ch(i)Ch(l) (1, 2, 4), (1, 2, 5), (1, 2, 6), (2, 3, 4), Ch(l) Ch(k) Ch(i) (2,3, 5), (2, 3, 6), (3, 4, 5), (3, 4, 6), (4, 5, 6) Ch(i), Ch(k), Ch(l)Ch(i) Ch(k) Ch(l) (i, k, l) = (1, 3, 4), (1, 3, 5), Ch(k) Ch(l) Ch(i)(1, 3, 6), (1, 4, 5), (1, 4, 6), Ch(l) Ch(k) Ch(i) (1, 5, 6), (2, 4, 5),(2, 4, 6), (2, 5, 6), (3, 5, 6).


16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 14,wherein the instructions further configure the one or more processorsto: in response to the bitmap indicating four 2.16 GHz channels arepermitted to be used for transmissions in the BSS, assign i to thelowest number 2.16 GHz channel of the four 2.16 GHz channels, assign kto the second lowest number 2.16 GHz channel of the four 2.16 GHzchannels, assign 1 to the third lowest number 2.16 GHz channel of thefour 2.16 GHz channels, and assign m to the highest number 2.16 GHzchannel of the four 2.16 GHz channels, wherein the four 2.16 GHzchannels are each numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, and Ch(i), Ch(k), Ch(l),and Ch(m) each return a 2.16 GHz channel number assigned to i, k, l, andm, respectively, and wherein the secondary channel, the secondary1channel, and the secondary2 channel are assigned in accordance with thechart below: Primary Secondary Secondary 1 Secondary 2 Ch(i), Ch(k),Ch(l), Ch(m) Ch(i) Ch(k) Ch(l) Ch(m) (i, k, l, m) = (1, 2, 3, 4), (2, 3,4, 5), Ch(k) Ch(i) Ch(l) Ch(m) (3, 4, 5, 6), (1, 2, 4, 5), (1, 2, 5, 6),Ch(l) Ch(m) Ch(k) Ch(i) (2, 3, 5, 6), (1, 2, 4, 6) Ch(m) Ch(l) Ch(k)Ch(i) Ch(i), Ch(k), Ch(l), Ch(m) Ch(i) Ch(k) Ch(l) Ch(m) (i, k, l, m) =(1, 2, 3, 5), (1, 2, 3, 6), Ch(k) Ch(i) Ch(l) Ch(m) (2, 3, 4, 6) Ch(l)Ch(k) Ch(i) Ch(m) Ch(m) Ch(l) Ch(k) Ch(i) Ch(i), Ch(k), Ch(l), Ch(m)Ch(i) Ch(k) Ch(l) Ch(m) (i, k, l, m) = Ch(k) Ch(l) Ch(m) Ch(i) (1, 3, 4,5), (1, 4, 5, 6), (2, 4, 5, 6), Ch(l) Ch(m) Ch(k) Ch(i) (1, 3, 5, 6)Ch(m) Ch(l) Ch(k) Ch(i) Ch(i), Ch(k), Ch(l), Ch(m) Ch(i) Ch(k) Ch(l)Ch(m) (i, k, l, m) = (1, 3, 4, 6) Ch(k) Ch(l) Ch(i) Ch(m) Ch(l) Ch(k)Ch(i) Ch(m) Ch(m) Ch(l) Ch(k) Ch(i).


17. An apparatus of an access point (AP), the apparatus comprising:memory; and processing circuitry coupled to the memory, the processingcircuitry configured to: encode an extended Enhanced DirectionalMulti-Gigabit (EDMG) operation element, the extended EDMG operationelement comprising a basic service set (BSS) operating channels fieldand a primary channel field, wherein the BSS operating channels field isa bitmap that indicates which 2.16 GHz channels of a plurality of 2.16GHz channels are permitted to be used for transmissions in the BSS, andwherein the primary channel field indicates a 2.16 GHz channel of theplurality of 2.16 GHz channels that is a primary channel of the BSS; andconfigure the AP to transmit the extended EDMG operation element to oneor more stations (STAs).
 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein a 1 inthe bitmap indicates a corresponding 2.16 GHz channel number ispermitted to be used for transmissions in the BSS.
 19. The apparatus ofclaim 17, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:encode an operating channel width field, the operating channel widthfield indicating channel bandwidths that are permitted for the one ormore STAs to transmit; and configure the AP to transmit the operatingchannel width field to the one or more STAs.
 20. The apparatus of claim17, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to: inresponse to the bitmap indicating two 2.16 GHz channels are permitted tobe used for transmissions in the BSS, assign a 2.16 GHz channel of thetwo 2.16 GHz channels that is not the primary channel to a secondarychannel; in response to the bitmap indicating three 2.16 GHz channels,assign a 2.16 GHz channel of the three 2.16 GHz channels that is not theprimary channel to each of the secondary channel and a secondary1channel; in response to the bitmap indicating four 2.16 GHz channels,assign a 2.16 GHz channel of the four 2.16 GHz channels that is not theprimary channel to each of the secondary channel, the secondary 1channel, and a secondary2 channel; and configure the AP to transmit aphysical layer (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU) on one or more of theprimary channel, secondary channel, secondary1 channel, and secondary2channel to a STA of the one or more STAs.